Application of preoperative localization coupled with CT three-dimensional reconstruction in pulmonary nodule-centered uniportal thoracoscopic combined subsegmental/segmental resection / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To assess the clinical value of preoperative localization coupled with computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional reconstruction in pulmonary nodule-centered uniportal thoracoscopic combined subsegmental/segmental resection. Methods     The clinical data of 30 patients of combined subsegmental/segmental resection in our hospital from December 2019 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected. There were 19 males and 11 females with the mean age of 56.4 (32.0-71.0) years. The pulmonary nodules were located by CT-guided injection of glue before operation. The three-dimensional reconstruction image and operation planning were carried out by Mimics 21.0 software. Results    The operations were all successfully performed, and there was no conversion to open thoracotomy or lobectomy. The mean tumor diameter was 11.6±3.5 mm, the mean distance between the nodule and the visceral pleura was 13.6±5.6 mm, the mean width of the actual cutting edge was 25.0±6.5 mm, the mean operation time was 110.2±23.8 min, the mean number of lymph node dissection stations was 6.5±2.4, the mean amount of intraoperative bleeding was 50.8±20.3 mL, the mean retention time of thoracic catheter was 3.2±1.1 d, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.5± 1.7 d. There was 1 patient of subcutaneous emphysema, 1 patient of atrial fibrillation and 1 patient of blood in sputum. Conclusion     Preoperative CT-guided injection of medical glue combined with CT three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary bronchus and blood vessels is safe and feasible in pulmonary nodule-centered uniportal thoracoscopic  combined subsegmental/segmental resection, which ensures the surgical margin and reserves lung tissues.

Clinical application of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction based on modern pathophysiology mechanism / 中国中药杂志

Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction was firstly recorded in Treatise on Cold Damage(ZHANG Zhong-jing, Eastern Han dynasty). According to this medical classic, it is originally used in the treatment of the Shaoyang and Yangming syndrome. Based on the modern pathophysiological mechanism, this study interpreted the classic provisions of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli Decoction. Original records of "chest fullness" "annoyance" "shock" "difficult urination" "delirium" "heavy body and failing to turn over" all have profound pathophysiological basis, involving disorders in cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and mental systems. This formula is widely used, which can be applied to treat epilepsy, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral infarction, and other cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular diseases, insomnia, constipation, anxiety, depression, cardiac neurosis and other acute and chronic diseases as well as diseases in psychosomatic medicine. The clinical indications include Bupleuri Radix-targeted syndrome such as fullness and discomfort in chest and hypochondrium, bitter taste mouth, dry throat, and dizziness, the insomnia, anxiety, depression, susceptibility to fright, upset, dreamfulness and other psychiatric symptoms, red tongue, thick and yellow tongue coating, and wiry hard and powerful pulse. This formula was found to be used in combination with other formulas, such as Gualou Xiebai Decoction, Wendan Decoction, Zhizhu Pills, Juzhijiang Decoction, Suanzaoren Decoction, and Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction.

Imaging characteristics and postoperative pathological analysis of bronchiolar adenoma / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To analyze the pathological manifestations and imaging characteristics of bronchiolar adenoma (BA). Methods    The clinical data of 11 patients with BA who received surgeries in our hospital from January 2019 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 5 males and 6 females aged 40-73 (62.40±10.50) years. The intraoperative rapid freezing pathological diagnosis, postoperative pathological classification, cell growth pattern, nuclear proliferation index Ki-67 and other immunohistochemical staining combined with preoperative chest CT imaging characteristics were analyzed. Results    The average preoperative observation time was 381.10±278.28 d. The maximum diameter of imaging lesions was 5-27 (10.27±6.34) mm. Eight (72.7%) patients presented with irregular morphology of heterogeneous ground-glass lesions, and 3 (27.3%) patients presented with pure ground-glass lesions. There were 10 (90.9%) patients with vascular signs, 8 (72.7%) patients with vacuolar signs, 1 (9.1%) patient with bronchus sign, 3 (27.3%) patients with pleural traction and 9 (81.8%) patients with burr/lobular sign. The surgical methods included sub-lobectomy in 10 patients and lobectomy in 1 patient. Five (45.5%) patients were reported BA by intraoperative frozen pathology. The postoperative pathological classification included 8 patients with distal-type and 3 patients with proximal-type, and the maximum diameter of the lesions was 4-20 (8.18±5.06) mm. Eight (72.7%) patients showed characteristic bilayer cell structure under microscope, and 10 (90.9%) patients showed thyroid transcription factor 1 expression in pathological tissues. The expression of NapsinA in intracavity cells was found in 9 (81.8%) patients. The Ki-67 index of the lesion tissue was 1%-5% (3.22%±1.72%). Conclusion    The pathological features and imaging findings of BA confirm the premise that BA is a neoplastic lesion. However, to identify BA as a benign or inert tumor needs more clinical data and evidence of molecular pathological studies.

Application of Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Bronchography and Angiography Combined with Perfusion Area Identification Technique in Uniport Thoracoscopic Complex Segmentectomy / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#With the extensive application of segmental lung resection in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer, how to complete segmentectomy more accurately and minimally invasively has become a research hotspot. The aim of this study is to explore the application of three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) combined with perfusion area recognition technique in single-hole thoracoscopic complex segmentectomy.@*METHODS@#From January 2021 to January 2022, the clinical data of 112 consecutive patients undergoing single-port thoracoscopic complex segmentectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The three-dimensional reconstruction combined with perfusion area identification technique was used to perform the operation and the clinical data were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The average operation time was (141.1±35.4) min; the initial time of intersegmental plane display was (12.5±1.7) s; the maintenance time of intersegmental plane was (114.3±10.9) s; the intersegmental plane was clearly displayed (100%); the amount of bleeding was [10 (10, 20)] mL; the total postoperative drainage volume was (380.5±139.7) mL; the postoperative extubation time was (3.9±1.2) d; and the postoperative hospitalization time was (5.2±1.6) d. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The advantages of 3D-CTBA combined with perfusion area recognition technique are fast, accurate and safe in identifying intersegmental boundary in single-port thoracoscopic complex segmentectomy, which could provide guidances for accuratding resection of tumors, shortening operation time and reducing surgical complications.

Research progress of ultra-high field strength 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis / 中华神经科杂志

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of MS, and the identification of MS lesions is increasingly updated with the development of technology. In recent years, 7.0 T ultra-high field MRI has been widely used in MS. This review will make an overview of the research progress of 7.0 T ultra-high field MRI in MS in recent years.

Incidence of major autoimmune diseases of the nervous system in China / 中华神经科杂志

Autoimmune diseases of the nervous and muscle systems constitute a major disease category in neurology, characterized by high disability and heterogeneity. However, incidences for this group of disorders are still unknown in China at the national level. The emergence of the national Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) provides comprehensive data for epidemiological studies of rare diseases, and the systematism, accuracy and consistency during data collection of HQMS information provide a unique advantage for the investigation of the incidence of rare diseases. Currently, the incidence of major neurological autoimmune diseases based on HQMS has been accomplished and published. In conjunction with clinical practice and research progress of this field, the incidence studies of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and myasthenia gravis are summarized. The completion of survey of disease incidence is instrumental to investigate the prevalence of this group of diseases. Ultimately, the outcome would benefit neurologists as well as health care policy makers.

Key technology of brain-computer interaction based on speech imagery / 生物医学工程学杂志

Speech expression is an important high-level cognitive behavior of human beings. The realization of this behavior is closely related to human brain activity. Both true speech expression and speech imagination can activate part of the same brain area. Therefore, speech imagery becomes a new paradigm of brain-computer interaction. Brain-computer interface (BCI) based on speech imagery has the advantages of spontaneous generation, no training, and friendliness to subjects, so it has attracted the attention of many scholars. However, this interactive technology is not mature in the design of experimental paradigms and the choice of imagination materials, and there are many issues that need to be discussed urgently. Therefore, in response to these problems, this article first expounds the neural mechanism of speech imagery. Then, by reviewing the previous BCI research of speech imagery, the mainstream methods and core technologies of experimental paradigm, imagination materials, data processing and so on are systematically analyzed. Finally, the key problems and main challenges that restrict the development of this type of BCI are discussed. And the future development and application perspective of the speech imaginary BCI system are prospected.

The effect and mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ on lysophosphatidic acid-induced neurite retraction of N1E-115 cells / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)- induced neurite retraction of N1E-115 cells and its potential mechanism.Methods:N1E-115 cells were divided into blank group, model group, the low, medium and high dose groups of astragaloside Ⅳ. The blank group and model group was not intervened by astragaloside; while the low, medium and high dose groups were treated with 20,40 and 80 μg/ml astragaloside Ⅳ for 24 h. Each group was cultured with serum-free medium for 12 h. The model group and astragaloside Ⅳ groups were intervened by 40 μmol/L LPA for 10 min. Each group was observed and photographed with the inverted microscope, and the number of neurites in N1E-115 cells was counted by Image J software. The fluorescence expression of recombinant ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), rho associated coiledcoil protein kinase 2 (ROCK2), phospho-rho associated coiledcoil protein kinase 2 (p-ROCK2) and phospho-myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC2) proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of RhoA and ROCK2 ; the protein expression levels of RhoA, ROCK2, p-MLC2 and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) were detected by Western blotting.Results:Compared with 20 μg/ml astragaloside Ⅳ group, the inhibition rate of neurite retraction in 40 and 80 μg/ml astragalosideⅣ groups increased ( P<0.05). Compared with model group, the average fluorescence intensity of RhoA, p-ROCK2, p-MLC2 in 20, 40, 80 μg/ml astragaloside Ⅳ groups and the ROCK2 average fluorescence intensity in 40 μg/ml astragaloside Ⅳ group were decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); the expression of RhoA mRNA (0.89±0.09, 0.41±0.01, 0.09±0.03 vs. 1.50±0.01) and ROCK2 mRNA (0.89±0.09, 0.14±0.01, 0.20±0.01 vs. 1.62±0.17) decreased in 20, 40, 80 μg/ml astragaloside Ⅳ groups ( P<0.05, P<0.01); the ROCK2 protein (0.75±0.06, 0.57±0.02, 0.66±0.01 vs. 1.08±0.02), p-MLC2 protein (1.72±0.03, 1.40±0.04, 1.29±0.03 vs. 2.19±0.11), MLC2 protein (1.13±0.02, 0.68±0.03, 0.75±0.03 vs. 1.60±0.03) in 20, 40, 80 μg/ml astragaloside Ⅳ groups and the RhoA protein (0.35±0.01, 0.40±0.03 vs. 0.57±0.08) in 20, 40 μg/ml astragaloside Ⅳ groups were decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion:Astragaloside Ⅳ can prevent LPA-induced neurite retraction and promote damaged nerve regeneration. The mechanism may down-regulae the protein expression levels of RhoA, ROCK2, p-ROCK2, p-MLC2 and MLC2 in RhoA-ROCK2 signaling pathway, and inhibite nerve growth cone collapse.

The mechanism of Pin1 mediated oxidative stress of vascular endothelial cells involved in severe heat stroke induced acute lung injury / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the molecules mechanism of Pin1 in severe heat stroke induced acute lung injury by observing Pin1 regulate oxidative stress and apoptosis formation in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and lung tissue in heat stressed mice.Methods:In vitro, a PMVECs heat stress (HS) model was established. In the control group, PMVECs were placed in a standard 37 °C, 5% CO 2 cell incubator; in the HS group, PMVECs were placed in a 43 °C cell incubator for 2 h, then the cells were further incubated at 37 °C for 1, 3, 6 or 12 h. PMVECs were pretreated with Pin1 inhibitor Juglone (1 μmol/L) 1 h before 43 °C of HS. In vivo, a severe heat stroke mouse model was established. In the HS group, the mice were kept at the simulation of climate chamber with temperature (35.5±0.5) °C, humidity (60±5)%, the rectum temperature in mice was measured by the anal rectal temperature table, when the temperature reached 42 °C, the heat exposure was stopped, and the mice were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6 or 12 h after HS. In the control group, the mice were kept at room temperature (25±0.5) °C. Mice received daily intraperitoneal administration of Pin1 inhibitor Juglone (1 mg/kg) for 3 d before HS. The protein level of Pin1, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 were analyzed by Western blot, the level of O 2-˙ in cells was observed by DHE staining and fluorescence microscopy, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissue were measured by ELISA, the pathological changes of mice in different group were detected by HE staining, and the expression of Pin1 in the lung tissue of different groups was detected by immunohistochemical staining, the apoptosis rate of the lung tissue in different groups was tested by TUNEL staining. Results:At 1 h after HS, the protein expression of Pin1 in PMVECs and lung tissue began to increase in a rewarming time-dependent manner ( F=771.6, P<0.05; F=1 035, P<0.05). Cleaved caspase-9 protein in PMVECs and lung tissue started to increase at 3 h post-HS, then increased with a rewarming time-dependent manner ( F=729.8, P<0.05; F=1 773, P<0.05). The protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 in PMVECs and lung tissue also started to increase at 3 h after HS and the expression continued to be increased with prolonged rewarming time, and the trend was consistent with cleaved caspase-9 ( F=1 084, P<0.05; F=1 252, P<0.05). In addition, HS induced the increased release of O 2-˙ from PMVECs, HS induced the imbalance of oxidation-antioxidant system in lung tissue of mice after HS which verified by the continuous release of MDA ( F=114.2, P<0.05) and the continuous inhibition of SOD activity ( F=99.15, P<0.05). Compared with the HS group, pretreatment with Pin1 inhibitor Juglone in PMVECs and mice before HS significantly inhibited the protein expression of Pin1, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 (all P<0.05), pretreatment with Pin1 inhibitor greatly reduced the release of O 2-˙ in PMVECs after HS, and promoted the restore of the oxidation-antioxidant system balance of lung tissue in mice with severe heat stroke. In addition, compared with the HS group, inhibiting the expression of Pin1 significantly decreased HS induced MDA release [(11.53±0.84) nmol/mL vs (9.65±0.69) nmol/mL, t=12.52, P<0.05], promoted the restore of SOD activity [(41.18±3.45) U/mL vs (57.52±4.83) U/mL, t=5.57, P<0.05] and improved the pathological damage of lung tissue as well as decreased the occurrence of apoptosis in post-HS mice. Conclusion:It was confirmed that Pin1 is involved in heat stress induced acute lung injury mainly through mediating oxidative stress response and apoptosis.

The research progress on gut microbiota in acute pancreatitis / 中华临床营养杂志

Gut microbiota is closely related to human health. Increasing evidence has indicated that alterations of gut flora play an important role in the occurrence and development of acute pancreatitis. Exploration of the specific effects of gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies and improve the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Here we reviewed and summarized the research progress regarding the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Treatment strategy and thought on classical herbal formulae for coronavirus disease 2019 / 中国中药杂志

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) refers to the pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection in 2019. It is highly infectious, with quick spreading and a wide range of impact. It has been broken out in many countries around the world and has become a public health emergency of international concern. Chinese medicine has a long history in treating plague, and viral disease is the clinical advantage in Chinese medicine. Under the premise that there is currently no specific drug treatment, Chinese medicine has achieved certain effects in the treatment of COVID-19, which has attracted much attention and has been upgraded to a national strategy. Regarding the treatment of COVID-19 with Chinese medicine, it is believed that in terms of the name of Chinese medicine, the modern connotation of "uniform of typhoid and febrile disease" should be re-recognized, and it is advisable to use drugs based on specific clinical prescriptions and indications. In terms of pathogenesis, the COVID-19 has the pathogenesis rules including from the mild to severe conditions, from the surface to the inside, from the excess syndrome to the deficiency syndrome. We should pay attention to the Taiyang syndrome damaged by wet disease in initial stage, Shaoyang syndrome complicated with Yangming syndrome in the middle stage, phlegm-heat obstructing lung in critical period, lung and spleen deficiency in the recovery stage. In terms of clinical treatment strategies, Dayuan Yin is recommended to induce sweat and disperse the stasis in early stage. Xiaochaihu Decoction and Maxing Shigan Decoction is used to relieve both exterior and interior symptoms in middle stage. In critical stage, Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction, Weijing Decoction, Xuanbai Chengqi Decoction, Xiaoxianxiong Decoction, and Sanzi Yangqin Decoction are considered to reduce phlegm and clear heat. We should pay attention to nourishing Qi and strengthening the spleen by Zhuye Shigao Decoction, Sha-shen Maidong Decoction, and Liujunzi Decoction in the later recovery period. It shall be noted that, no matter in the initial mild stage, the middle and critical stages, or in the later recovery stage, Chinese medicine plays an important role, including preventing mild to severe disease, shortening the fever time, improving cough symptoms, increasing blood oxygen saturation and reducing mortality. Many studies have shown that the classical herbal formulae can alleviate the cytokine storm, regulate the immune imbalance, and produce the potential effect of synergistic treatment for COVID-19 through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways.

Human factors engineering of brain-computer interface and its applications: Human-centered brain-computer interface design and evaluation methodology / 生物医学工程学杂志

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionizing human-computer Interaction, which is developing towards the direction of intelligent brain-computer interaction and brain-computer intelligent integration. However, the practical application of BCI is facing great challenges. The maturity of BCI technology has not yet reached the needs of users. The traditional design method of BCI needs to be improved. It is necessary to pay attention to BCI human factors engineering, which plays an important role in narrowing the gap between research and practical application, but it has not attracted enough attention and has not been specifically discussed in depth. Aiming at BCI human factors engineering, this article expounds the design requirements (from users), design ideas, objectives and methods, as well as evaluation indexes of BCI with the human-centred-design. BCI human factors engineering is expected to make BCI system design under different use conditions more in line with human characteristics, abilities and needs, improve the user satisfaction of BCI system, enhance the user experience of BCI system, improve the intelligence of BCI, and make BCI move towards practical application.

Diagnostic value of wide-detector energy spectrum CT combined with high concentration iodine contrast agent in Budd-Chiari syndrome / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of energy spectrum CT combined with high concentration iodine contrast agent (400 mg/ml) for hepatic venous system CT angiography in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).Methods:A total of 48 patients with BCS who underwent the hepatic venous system CT angiography were prospectively collected from March to August 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were randomly divided into control group (350 mg /ml) and study group (400 mg /ml). In the control group, the dosage of iodine contrast agent was 1.6 ml/kg, and the flow rate was 4.0 ml/s. In the study group, the dosage of iodine contrast agent was 1.4 ml/kg. Double-flow rate injection protocol was used in the study group, i.e. 3.50 ml/s (80% dosage), 1.75 ml/s (20% dosage), 3.50 ml/s (40 ml normal saline). Revolution CT scanner was used for energy spectrum scanning. Quantitative parameters, qualitative visual parameters and radiation dose were compared between the two groups. Wilcoxon test, t test, χ 2 test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results:The dosage of iodine contrast agent in the study group [(94.53±16.02) ml] was lower than that in the control group [(106.40±20.19) ml, t=2.257, P<0.05]. The injection speed of the control group was higher than that of the study group (4.00 ml/s and 3.15 ml/s). CT values of portal vein, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava, and hepatic parenchyma, signal to noise ratio, contrast noise ratio, CT dose index, dose length product, effective dose and subjective scores showed no significant differences between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:For patients with BCS, high quality images could be obtained to meet the requirement of diagnosis in hepatic vein system CT angiography using high concentration iodine contrast agent (400 mg/ml) with low dosage of contrast agent and low flow rate.

Influencing factors of lower back/waist work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a shipyard / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) among workers in a shipyard. METHODS: A total of 496 workers in a large shipyard in Guangdong Province were selected as research subjects using the convenient sampling method. The Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Disorders was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in various regions of the body in the past year.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the potential influencing factors of WMSDs in the frequently affected body parts. RESULTS: The prevalence of WMSDs was 70.2%(348/496). The prevalence rates of WMSDs in different body regions were: lower back/waist(43.1%), neck(29.4%), shoulder(29.0%), hand/wrist(25.4%), knee(22.4%), hip/leg(14.3%), ankle/foot(12.1%), upper back(11.3%) and elbow(9.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that increased risk of lower back/waist WMSDs occurred in workers who carry heavy objects>5.0 kg, who work in uncomfortable positions, who repeatedly perform the same work every day, and who repeatedly perform the same action using the lower limbs and ankles(P<0.05). Employees working ≤8 hours or more than 8 hours per day had higher risk of developing lower back/waist WMSDs compared with workers working 8-10 hours per day(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of WMSDs among workers in the shipyard is high.The lower back/waist WMSD is the most common one. The influencing factors include work organization and adverse ergonomic factors.

Pubertal timing and tempo and its prospective associations with behavioral problems / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study aims to examine the prospective association and sex differences of pubertal timing and tempo with behavior problems.@*Methods@#Participants from two primary schools in grade 1-3 were selected through clustering convenience sampling method in Bengbu, Anhui Province was established since 2013 (T1), with informed consent, 2 084 students were recruited, and follow-up surveys were conducted in 2015 (T2), 2017 (T3) and 2019 (T4) respectively. Demographic information, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and externalizing symptoms were collected through questionnaire investigation, and pubertal development in boys and girls were evaluated by secondary sexual development (testicular volume for boys and breast development for girls). At T4, externalizing symptoms were evaluated by MacArthur Health & Behavior Questionnaire-Child (HBQ-C). Using SAS PROC NLMIXED to fit nonlinear growth model to estimate pubertal timimg and tempo. Puberty timing was classified into early, on-time, and delayed groups; and the puberty tempo into fast, average, and slow groups. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictive effects of modeling pubertal timing and tempo on multi-disciplinary behavior problems in adolescence boys and girls.@*Results@#There were 1 909 people with complete baseline and follow-up questionnaires and puberty development information. Reported rates of externalizing symptoms, NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and were 13.9% (265), 24.4% (466), 14.2% (271), 4.6% (88) and 2.3% (43) respectively. Logistic regression analysis results show that fast pubertal tempo increases the risk of externalization [OR(95%CI)=2.85(1.53-5.31) and NSSI [OR(95%CI)=2.11(1.22-3.65)] for boys, and the risk of suicide attempt [OR(95%CI)=2.99(1.07-8.35)] for girls. Slow tempo can reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide plan for boys [OR(95%CI)=0.40(0.18-0.87), 0.07(0.01-0.67)], the externalizing symptoms and suicidal ideation for girls [OR(95%CI)=0.33(0.13-0.81)，0.38(0.17-0.85)]. Early pubertal timing will increase the risk of suicide plan for boys [OR(95%CI)=3.60(1.04-12.43)], meanwhile late timing can reduce the risk of NSSI in girls [OR(95%CI)=0.39(0.19-0.80)].@*Conclusion@#The tempo of pubertal development may be a useful predictor of adolescent behavioral problems.

Etiology spectrum of virus in acute upper respiratory infection in children from 2017 to 2018 in Qingdao / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in influenza-like illness in children during March 2017 to March 2018 in Qingdao. Methods A random selection of influenza surveillance cases (influenza-like illness, ILI) among children in Qingdao area was selected as the research object, and 359 cases were detected. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for multiple-fluorescence real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid detection to screen 9 kinds of respiratory viruses. Results Among the 359 Cases, 200 cases were positive for at least 1 kinds of viruses, and the positive rate was 55.71%(200/359). Among these 200 cases, the most positive numbers were influenza B Yamagata (IVB Yamagata) 29.50%(59/200), followed by enterovirus 15.00%(30/200), respiratory adenovirus (AdV) 13.50%(27/200), respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA) 12.5%(25/200), influenza A H1N1(IVA H1N1) 10.00%(20/200), etc. 2 cases were 3 kinds of mixed viruses infected and 1 case was 4 kinds of mixed viruses infected. Conclusions Nine kinds of respiratory viruses are prevalent in Qingdao during March 2017 -March 2018. The main prevalence viruses contain influenza B Yamagata, enterovirus, respiratory adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus A, influenza A H1N1. There is obvious seasonal distribution of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, metapneumovirus. A mixed infection exists between 9 kinds of respiratory viruses, and mixed infection occurs in the month of the virus epidemic.

Preliminary study on the elimination of artifacts of five kinds of dental prosthetic materials by energy spectrum CT multi-material artifact reduction technology / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of the multi-material artifact reduction (MMAR) algorithm of spectral CT in reducing the beam hardening artifacts in dental restoration material.@*Methods@#Three-unit fixed bridge restorations were fabricated on the first to third molars in pig jaw. Gold alloy, zirconia, cobalt chromium alloy, nickel chromium alloy and pure titanium were used as materials for these fixed bridges. After restoration delivery, the pig jaw was scaned using energy spectrum CT machines. Images in regular 120 kVp scan mode were used as conventional group, and reconstructed single-energy horizontal images of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 keV in energy spectrum scanning mode were used as energy spectrum group, and reconstructed images applied MMAR technology in energy spectrum scanning mode were used as energy spectrum MMAR group. Each group was scanned 10 times to measure CT value and noise of muscles around dental prosthetic materials and adjacent non-artifact layers. Artifact index was calculated. Two radiologists scored the image quality of each group subjectively. Kruskal Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the difference of image noise, artifact index and subjective score among the control group and the best keV condition in the energy spectrum group and the energy spectrum MMAR group.@*Results@#The image noise of energy spectrum group and energy spectrum MMAR group decreased gradually with the increase of single energy level. The artifact index of pure titanium restorations in conventional group, energy spectrum group and energy spectrum MMAR group were 71.0±8.0, 21.4±2.7 and 14.7±2.7 respectively, and these values were significantly lower than those of other materials in the same group (P<0.05). The subjective image quality scores in energy spectrum MMAR group were as follows: 3.0±0.2 for gold alloy, 4.3±0.5 for zirconia, 3.0±0.4 for cobalt chromium alloy, 3.1±0.4 for cobalt chromium alloy, and 4.6±0.5 for pure titanium. These scores were significantly smaller than those in the conventional group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in noise between energy spectrum group and energy spectrum MMAR group (P>0.05), and the noise values in energy spectrum group and energy spectrum MMAR group were significantly lower than that in the conventional group (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Artifacts of pure titanium is minimal. Energy spectrum CT combined with MMAR technology can effectively reduce the artifacts of gold, zirconia, cobalt-chromium alloy, nickel-titanium alloy and pure titanium. This technique can be used as an effective method to remove artifacts of dental prosthesis.

Possible protective role of melatonin on heat stress induced apoptosis / 中华危重病急救医学

During the onset of heat stroke, heat is the most fundamental cause of injury. It has been demonstrated in a number of animal and cell experiments that hyperthermia can directly induce tissue damage and cell death, and cells can activate apoptotic signals or direct necrosis depending on the extent of heat stress. In general, high heat stress activates apoptotic signals and induce apoptosis. Therefore, the form of damage of tissue cells during the onset of heat stroke is currently considered to be mainly apoptosis. In recent years, it has been found that the heat stress molecular biology research regulates the physiological activities of cells in a wide range and participates in the intracellular signal transduction process. Melatonin and its metabolites are broad-spectrum antioxidants and free radical scavengers that regulate a variety of molecular pathways, such as inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis, under different pathophysiological conditions. This article summarized the research on the effects of melatonin and heat shock on apoptosis, and evaluated the possible protective effects of melatonin on the pathogenesis of heat stroke, and provided new therapeutic ideas for the clinic.

Clinical value of quantitative parameters by spectral CT in parotid gland tumor / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the value of normalized iodine concentration (NIC), spectral attenuation curve slope (SACS), area under curve (AUC), and iodine concentration difference (ICD) generated from spectral CT in the assessment of parotid gland tumors.@*METHODS@#Ninety-two patients with pathologically confirmed parotid gland tumors underwent arterial phase- and venous phase-enhanced CT in spectral CT. The patients were divided into the pleomor-phic adenoma group (group A), Warthin tumor group (group B), basal cell tumor group (group C), and malignant tumor group (group D). The SACS, AUC, NIC, ICD were measured and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, and statistical significance was set at P<0.05.@*RESULTS@#SACS(AP), AUC(AP), and NIC(AP) in group A were lower than those in other groups; SACS(VP) and AUC(VP) in group C were higher than those in other groups; NIC(AP) and NIC(VP) in group D were higher than those in other groups; and ICD in group B was a positive number. The difference in SACS(AP) and AUC(AP) in groups B and C, SACS(VP) and AUC(VP) in groups C and D, and ICD in groups A and C were not statistically significant. By contrast, the diffe-rence between the other groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in NIC(AP) between groups A and B and groups C and D and the difference in NIC(VP) between groups A and C, groups A and D, and groups B and C were statistically significant (P=0.005, 0.025, 0.002, 0.038, and 0.049, respectively).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Multi-quantitative parameters from spectral CT might be helpful in differentiating various types of parotid gland tumors.

Study on difference of flavonoids content in stems and leaves of Mentha Haplocalycis Herba in different harvest periods / 中国中药杂志

The dynamic changes of active components in stems and leaves of Mentha Haplocalycis Herba(mint) at different harvest periods were investigated, and the optimum harvest time of mint was explored. In this study, hesperidin, diosmin, didymin and buddleoside were selected as flavonoids index components of mint, and the QAMS method was established to measure the contents of these flavonoids in mint. The contents of 4 flavonoid glycosides in the mint stems and leaves from three habitats harvested in different time were studied and evaluated comprehensively using statistical analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the contents of 4 components in the leaves are higher than that in the stems despite of habitats and harvest time, and they all exhibited dynamic changes along with the harvest periods within the same habitat. Three harvest periods in mid April, mid September and late October scored higher in comprehensive evaluation in Jiangsu region, the genuine producing area of Mentha Haplocalycis Herba. Combined with the yield and contents of active compounds, the optimum harvest time of mint in Jiangsu region was mid September and late October, which is basically consistent with the traditional harvesting periods.